Đáp Án/Transcript: Recent Ielts Reading Actual Test 30
Mời các bạn làm bài bác tập ôn luyện dạng bài xích YES/NO/NOT GIVEN vào IELTS Reading. Bài tập này giúp các bạn ôn lại kĩ năng xử lý dạng bài xích Yes/No/Not given tương tự như củng cầm lượng trường đoản cú vựng. Bài bác có tất cả 6 câu hỏi chọn giải đáp đúng. Sau khoản thời gian làm dứt bài, chúng ta hãy ấn submit để xem tác dụng bài làm của bản thân và phân tích và lý giải của từng câu hỏi. Bạn hãy thử làm để củng rứa và cải thiện kiến thức để sẵn sàng cho bài bác thi IELTS Reading nhé!
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REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF FOOD PROMOTION khổng lồ CHILDREN
This đánh giá was commissioned by the Food Standards Agency to examine the current research evidence on:
• the extent and nature of food promotion khổng lồ children
• the effect, if any, that this promotion has on their food knowledge, preferences và behaviour.
Bạn đang xem: đáp án/transcript: recent ielts reading actual test 30
A Children’s food promotion is dominated by television advertising, and the great majority of this promotes the so-called ‘Big Four’ of pre-sugared breakfast cereals, soft-drinks, confectionary và savoury snacks. In the last ten years advertising for fast food outlets has rapidly increased. There is some evidence that the dominance of television has recently begun to wane. The importance of strong, global branding reinforces a need for multi-faceted communications combining television with merchandising, ‘tie-ins’ and point of sale activity. The advertised diet contrasts sharply with that recommended by public health advisors, and themes of fun and fantasy or taste, rather than health and nutrition, are used to promote it to children. Meanwhile, the recommended diet gets little promotional support.
B There is plenty of evidence that children notice & enjoy food promotion. However, establishing whether this actually influences them is a complex problem. The review tackled it by looking at studies that had examined possible effects on what children know about food, their food preferences, their actual food behaviour (both buying and eating), và their health outcomes (eg. Obesity or cholesterol levels). The majority of studies examined food advertising, but a few examined other forms of food promotion. In terms of nutritional knowledge, food advertising seems to have little influence on children’s general perceptions of what constitutes a healthy diet, but, in certain contexts, it does have an effect on more specific types of nutritional knowledge. For example, seeing soft drink & cereal adverts reduced primary aged children’s ability to determine correctly whether or not certain products contained real fruit.
C The reviews also found evidence that food promotion influences children’s food preferences and their purchase behaviour. A study of primary school children, for instance, found that exposure to lớn advertising influenced which foods they claimed to lớn like; & another showed that labelling and signage on a vending machine had an effect on what was bought by secondary school pupils. A number of studies have also shown that food advertising can influence what children eat. One, for example, showed that advertising influenced a primary class’s choice of daily snack at playtime.
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D The next step, of trying to establish whether or not a links exists between food promotion và diet or obesity, is extremely difficult as it requires research to be done in real world settings. A number of studies have attempted this by using amount of television viewing as a proxy for exposure to television advertising. They have established a clear liên kết between television viewing and diet, obesity, & cholesterol levels. It is impossible lớn say, however, whether this effect is caused by the advertising, the sedentary nature of television viewing or snacking that might take place whilst viewing. One study resolved this problem by taking a detailed diary of children’s viewing habits. This showed that the more food adverts they saw, the more snacks and calories they consumed.
E Thus the literature does suggest food promotion is influencing children’s diet in a number of ways. This does not amount to lớn proof; as noted above with this kind of research, incontrovertible proof simply isn’t attainable. Nor do all studies point to this conclusion; several have not found an effect. In addition, very few studies have attempted khổng lồ measure how strong these effects are relative to lớn other factors influencing children’s food choices. Nonetheless, many studies have found clear effects and they have used sophisticated methodologies that make it possible to lớn determine that i) these effects are not just due lớn chance; ii) they are independent of other factors that may influence diet, such as parents’ eating habits or attitudes; & iii) they occur at a brand & category level.
F Furthermore, two factors suggest that these findings actually downplay the effect that food promotion has on children. First, the literature focuses principally on television advertising; the cumulative effect of this combined with other forms of promotion and kinh doanh is likely to be significantly greater. Second, the studies have looked at direct effects on individual children, và understate indirect influences. For example, promotion for fast food outlets may not only influence the child, but also encourage parents lớn take them for meals và reinforce the idea that this is a normal and desirable behaviour.
G This does not amount to lớn proof of an effect, but in our view does provide sufficient evidence khổng lồ conclude that an effect exists. The debate should now shift lớn what kích hoạt is needed, và specifically lớn how the power nguồn of commercial marketing can be used to bring about improvements in young people’s eating.
